Comparative evaluation of inflammatory parameters and substitute insulin resistance indices in elderly women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.

PURPOSE: To analyze the influence of inflammatory parameters and substitute insulin resistance indices on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) development in elderly women, as well as to compare anthropometric measures and metabolic parameters according to the presence of type 2 DM and HbA1c levels. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty elderly women (67.9 ± 6.0 years) were submitted to anthropometric analysis, determination of inflammatory and metabolic parameters. They also underwent indices of lipid accumulation product (LAP), high density triglyceride/lipoprotein ratio (TG/HDL), triglyceride glucose index (TyG), as well as TyG by body mass index (BMI) ratio (TyG-BMI) assessment. RESULTS: Body mass index, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-2, blood glucose, TG, LAP, TG/HDL, TyG and TyG-BMI were significantly higher in elderly women with DM compared to non-diabetic women. LAP ≥ 55.4 (OR = 2.29; P = .027); TyG ≥ 8.8 (OR = 3.52; P < .001) and TyG-BMI ≥ 264.8 (OR = 3.54; P = .001) were identified as risk factors for DM. CONCLUSION: High pro-inflammatory parameters, low levels of anti-inflammatory markers and higher levels of substitute insulin resistance indices are risk predictors for DM development in elderly women in primary health care.

Effects of blood flow restriction in large and small muscle groups / Efeitos da restrição do fluxo sanguíneo em grupamentos musculares grandes e pequenos / Efectos de la restricción del flujo sanguíneo en grupos musculares grandes y pequeños

ABSTRACT Introduction It is known that strength training brings improvements in health and sports performance by causing muscle hypertrophy and increased strength, as well as modifying some hemodynamic and physiological factors. Several strength training methodologies have been developed, one of which is vascular occlusion. There are few studies with large muscle groups due to poor adherence to the training style and the fact that vascular occlusion of large muscle groups is more difficult. Objective To verify and compare the hemodynamic effects of exercise with and without vascular occlusion in different muscle groups. Methods Quantitative crossover study, with cross-sectional and field procedures. The sample consisted of 10 physically active healthy male and female subjects between 18 and 30 years of age. With the cross-over design, all the volunteers participated in 3 groups: intervention with vascular occlusion, intervention without vascular occlusion and the control group. Results Overall, lactate and cholesterol remained elevated after 15 minutes of recovery and blood glucose and blood pressure did not vary among the groups. Conclusion Vascular occlusion training is an effective method for manipulating hemodynamic variables. Evidence level II; Clinical study.

RESUMO Introdução Sabe-se que o treino de força traz melhorias para a saúde e o desempenho esportivo, por ocasionar hipertrofia muscular e aumento de força, além de modificar alguns fatores hemodinâmicos e fisiológicos. Foram desenvolvidos vários métodos de treinamento de força, entre eles, a oclusão vascular. Porém, existem poucos estudos com grandes grupamentos musculares, devido à pouca adesão ao estilo de treino e ao fato de a oclusão vascular de grandes grupos musculares ser mais difícil. Objetivo Verificar e comparar os efeitos hemodinâmicos do exercício com e sem oclusão vascular em diferentes grupamentos musculares. Métodos Estudo quantitativo, cruzado, com procedimentos transversais e de campo. A amostra foi composta por 10 indivíduos saudáveis e fisicamente ativos do sexo masculino e feminino, na faixa etária de 18 a 30 anos. Com o desenho cruzado, todos os voluntários participaram de 3 grupos: intervenção com oclusão vascular, intervenção sem oclusão vascular e grupo controle. Resultados De forma geral, entre grupos, o lactato e o colesterol se mantiveram elevados depois de 15 minutos de recuperação, a glicemia e as pressões arteriais não variaram. Conclusão O treinamento com oclusão vascular é um método eficaz para manipular as variáveis hemodinâmicas. Nível de evidência II; Estudo clínico.

RESUMEN Introducción Se sabe que el entrenamiento de fuerza trae mejoras para la salud y el desempeño deportivo, por causar hipertrofia muscular y aumento de fuerza, además de modificar algunos factores hemodinámicos y fisiológicos. Fueron desarrollados varios métodos de entrenamiento de fuerza, entre ellos, la oclusión vascular. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios con grandes grupos musculares, debido a la poca adhesión al estilo de entrenamiento y al hecho de que la oclusión vascular de grandes grupos musculares grandes es más difícil. Objetivo Verificar y comparar los efectos hemodinámicos del ejercicio con y sin oclusión vascular en diferentes grupos musculares. Métodos Estudio cuantitativo, cruzado, con procedimientos transversales y de campo. La muestra fue compuesta por 10 individuos saludables y físicamente activos del sexo masculino y femenino, en el grupo de edad de 18 a 30 años. Con el diseño cruzado, todos los voluntarios participaron en 3 grupos: intervención con oclusión vascular, intervención sin oclusión vascular y grupo control. Resultados De forma general, entre los grupos, el lactato y el colesterol se mantuvieron elevados después de 15 minutos de recuperación, la glucemia y las presiones arteriales no variaron. Conclusión El entrenamiento de oclusión vascular es un método eficaz para manipular las variables hemodinámicas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudio clínico.

Isometric exercises have high responsiveness to lower limbs / Exercícios isométricos possuem alta responsividade para membros inferiores

INTRODUCTION: For post-surgical rehabilitation of the anterior cruciate ligament, the medialis and the lateralis vastus need to be worked on for good recovery. There is the discussion about the isometric and isotonic exercises to be used in the rehabilitation phase, and their results diverge in the literature. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the activation of the medialis and the lateralis vastus in isometric and isotonic exercises. METHODS: Eleven subjects (seven men and four women) physically active and experienced in resistance training participated in the study. Anamnesis, anthropometric assessment, 10 Repetition maximum (RM) load test, maximum voluntary isometric contraction test and squat test were performed. RESULTS: For the vastus lateralis of the right leg, the electromyographic activity was significantly higher in the maximal isometric voluntary contraction compared to the dynamic squatting (p<0.05). The same was observed for the left leg (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Recruitment of the medial and the lateral vastus in isometric exercises is higher in relation to isotonic exercises.

INTRODUÇÃO: Para a reabilitação pós-cirúrgica do ligamento cruzado anterior, os vastos medial e lateral precisam ser trabalhados visando uma boa recuperação. Discute-se a respeito dos exercícios isométricos e isotônicos a serem utilizados na fase de reabilitação, tendo seus resultados divergentes na literatura. OBJETIVO: Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo é comparar a ativação dos vastos medial e lateral em exercícios isométricos e isotônicos. MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 11 sujeitos (sete homens e quatro mulheres), fisicamente ativos e com experiência em musculação. Foi realizada a anamnese, a avaliação antropométrica, o teste de carga de 10 repetições máximas (RM), o teste de contração voluntária isométrica máxima e o teste de agachamento. RESULTADOS: No vasto lateral da coxa direita, a atividade eletromiográfica foi significativamente maior na contração voluntária isométrica máxima em relação ao agachamento dinâmico (p<0,05). O mesmo foi observado na coxa esquerda (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O recrutamento dos vastos medial e lateral em exercícios isométricos é maior em relação a exercícios isotônicos.

Progressive Resistance Training Improves Bradykinesia, Motor Symptoms and Functional Performance in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

PURPOSE: Bradykinesia and muscle weaknesses are common symptoms of Parkinson's Disease (PD) and are associated with impaired functional performance, increased risk of falls, and reduced quality of life. Recent studies have pointed to progressive resistance training (PRT) as an effective method to control and reduce these symptoms, increasing possibilities to treat the disease. However, few studies have focused on assessing the PRT effects in the short-term. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the short-term PRT effects on people with PD, in order to offer new parameters for a better understanding of its effects, so as an adequation and PRT use as a complementary therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty individuals diagnosed with PD from stage 1 to 3 on the Hoehn and Yahr scale took part on the study and were allocated into 2 groups; Training Group (TG) performed a 9-week RT program twice a week, and the Control Group (CG) attended disease lectures. Bradykinesia UPDRS subscale (BSS), knee extensors isokinetic strength, Ten Meters Walk Test (TMW), Timed Up&Go Test (TUG) and 30-Second Chair Stand (T30) were measured before and after the intervention period. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: Significant time was noted by the group interaction for all functional tests (TUG, T30, and TWM; all p < 0.01) and BSS (p < 0.01). Post hoc analyses revealed that these differences were driven by significant improvements in these dependent variables (all p < 0.01) while the CG remained unchanged (all p > 0.05). Moreover, TUG, T30, TWM, and BSS were significantly different between TG and CG in the post-training assessments (all p < 0.01). Isokinetic muscle strength was slightly increased in the TG (2.4%) and decreased in the CG (-2.2%), but statistical analyses did not reach significance for interaction but only a trend (p = 0.12). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that 9 weeks of PRT reduces bradykinesia and improves functional performance in patients with mild to moderate PD. These findings reinforce this mode of exercise as an important component of public health promotion programs for PD.

Fatores associados aos hábitos alimentares e ao sedentarismo em idosos com obesidade / Factors associated with eating habits and sedentary life style in the obese elderly

Objetivo: Avaliar os índices antropométricos e a composição corporal, bem como identificar os fatores associados aos hábitos alimentares e ao sedentarismo em idosos com obesidade. Método: Este estudo transversal foi realizado com 206 idosos com obesidade que foram avaliados com o inquérito domiciliar e avaliação da atividade física com o International Physical Activity Questionnaries (IPAQ) na Unidade de Saúde com medidas antropométricas e impedância elétrica com o aparelho Biodynamics. Considerou-se o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson para avaliar a diferença entre proporções. Teste t independente foi utilizado para comparar médias. Adotou-se p < 0,05 como significância. Resultados: Dos 206 idosos avaliados, (n = 122) eram do sexo feminino (59,2%) e (n = 84) do sexo masculino (40,8%). Os dados gerais da amostra estudada referentes às características demográficas indicaram que 35,9% possuem entre 60 a 65 anos, 55,8% são casados, 51,4% têm renda de até dois salários mínimos, 80,6% não tem controle/restrição alimentar, 82,5% não são tabagistas, 62,6% não ingerem bebida alcoólica, 93,2% são sedentários, 57,3% não tem atividade de lazer e 41,3% possuem em média um a quatro anos de estudo. Em relação aos hábitos alimentares, foram associados o sexo com consumo de verduras (p = 0,009), escolaridade com consumo de frutas (p = 0,041) e verduras (p = 0,006) e o estado civil com dieta (p = 0,046) e consumo de frutas (p = 0,043). Os fatores associados ao sedentarismo em idosos com obesidade foram sexo (p = 0,031), renda (p = 0,002) e tabagismo (p < 0,000). Conclusão: Conhecer tal realidade também é importante para o mapeamento dos serviços de saúde e planejamento de intervenções.

Objective: to evaluate anthropometric measurement and body composition, as well as to identify factors associated with eating habits and sedentary lifestyle in the elderly. Method: this cross-sectional study was conducted with 206 obese elderly, assessed with a household survey and physical activity assessment with the International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) at the Health Unit with anthropometric measurements and electrical impedance with the Biodynamic appliance. Pearson's chi-square test was considered to evaluate the difference between proportions. Independent t-test was used to compare means. It was adopted p < 0.05 as significance. Results: of the 206 elderly evaluated, (n = 122) were female (59.2%), and (n = 84) were male (40.8%). The general data of the studied sample regarding demographic characteristics indicated that 35.9% are between 60 and 65 years old, 55.8% are married, 51.4% have an income of up to 2 minimum wages, 80.6% have no control/food restriction, 82.5% are non-smokers, 62.6% do not drink alcohol, 93.2% are sedentary, 57.3% have no leisure activity and 41.3% have on average 1 to 4 years of schooling. Regarding eating habits, it was associated the gender with vegetable consumption (p = 0.009), education with fruit consumption (p = 0.041) and vegetables (p = 0.006) and marital status with diet (p = 0.046) and dietary intake with fruits (p = 0.043). Factors associated with physical inactivity in the obese elderly were gender (p = 0.031), income (p = 0.002) and smoking (p < 0.000). Conclusion: Knowing this reality is also important for health service mapping and intervention planning.

Fatigue and muscle function in prostate cancer survivors receiving different treatment regimens / Fadiga e função muscular em sobreviventes de câncer de próstata em diferentes tratamentos / Fatiga y función muscular en sobrevivientes de cáncer de próstata en diferentes tratamientos

ABSTRACT Introduction Prostate cancer is the most prevalent neoplastic disease in men. After diagnosis, different treatment regimens are proposed based on the stage of the cancer. These treatments affect physical and muscle function, quality of life, and prognosis differently. Objectives To assess fatigue, muscle strength, muscle thickness, and muscle quality in prostate cancer survivors undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Methods Ten ADT patients, eight non-ADT patients and 18 healthy control subjects were enrolled in this study. Perceived fatigue was assessed through the 20-item Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory. Muscle thickness and quality (e.g., echo intensity) were assessed through B-mode ultrasound. Muscle strength and work capacity were assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. The groups were compared with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni adjustment. Results Muscle thickness, peak torque, and work capacity were lower in ADT than in the control group (CON) (p = 0.021; p = 0.005; p <0.001, respectively). ADT showed greater echo intensity than CON (p = 0.005) and N-ADT (p = 0.046). There were no differences between N-ADT and CON in terms of muscle thickness, peak torque, work capacity, and echo intensity (p >0.05). General fatigue was greater in both ADT (p = 0.030) and N-ADT (p = 0.047) compared to CON. Physical fatigue was greater in ADT than CON (p = 0.006). Conclusion ADT patients showed lower levels of muscle function and greater levels of perceived fatigue than healthy control subjects. It appears that muscle function remains lower in ADT patients, even several years after treatment initiation, although this does not apply to non-ADT patients. Level of evidence II; Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a Diagnostic Test.

RESUMO Introdução O câncer de próstata é a doença neoplásica mais frequente nos homens. Após seu diagnóstico, diferentes métodos de tratamento são propostos baseados no estágio do câncer. Esses tratamentos afetam diferentemente a função física e muscular, qualidade de vida e o prognóstico. Objetivos Avaliar a fadiga, força muscular, espessura muscular e a qualidade muscular dos sobreviventes ao câncer de próstata que foram submetidos a terapia de privação androgênica (ADT). Métodos Dez pacientes ADT, oito não ADT (N-ADT) e 18 indivíduos saudáveis no grupo controle (CON) foram inscritos neste estudo. A fadiga percebida foi avaliada através do Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory composto por 20 itens. A espessura e qualidade musculares (eco-intensidade) foram avaliadas através de um aparelho de ultrassom B-mode. A força muscular e a capacidade de trabalho foram avaliadas utilizando um dinamômetro isocinético. Os grupos foram comparados através de ANOVA de um fator e ajuste de Bonferroni. Resultados O grupo ADT apresentou menor espessura muscular, pico de torque e capacidade de trabalho do que o grupo controle (p = 0,021; p = 0,005; p < 0,001, respectivamente). O grupo ADT demonstrou maior eco-intensidade que o grupo controle (p = 0,005) e N-ADT (p = 0,046). Não foram encontradas diferenças entre o grupo N-ADT e CON quanto à espessura muscular, pico de torque, capacidade de trabalho e eco-intensidade (p > 0,05). A fadiga geral foi maior tanto no grupo ADT (p = 0,030) quanto no grupo N-ADT (p = 0,047) quando comparada ao grupo CON. A fadiga física foi maior no grupo ADT do que no grupo CON (p = 0,006). Conclusão Os pacientes submetidos à terapia de privação androgênica demonstraram menores níveis de função muscular e maiores níveis de fadiga percebida do que os indivíduos saudáveis do grupo controle. Parece que a função muscular permanece menor em pacientes submetidos à ADT vários anos após o início do tratamento, o que não ocorre com os pacientes N-ADT. Nível de evidência II; Estudos diagnósticos - Investigação de um exame para diagnóstico.

RESUMEN Introducción El cáncer de próstata es la enfermedad neoplásica más frecuente en los hombres. Después de su diagnóstico, diferentes métodos de tratamiento son propuestos basados en la etapa del cáncer. Estos tratamientos afectan de forma diferente la función física y muscular, la calidad de vida y el pronóstico. Objetivos Evaluar la fatiga, fuerza muscular, espesor muscular, y la calidad muscular de sobrevivientes al cáncer de próstata que fueron sometidos a la terapia de privación de andrógenos (ADT). Métodos Diez pacientes ADT, ocho no ADT (N-ADT) y 18 individuos sanos en el grupo control (CON) fueron inscriptos en este estudio. La fatiga percibida fue evaluada a través del Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory compuesto por 20 ítems. El espesor y calidad muscular (eco intensidad) fueron evaluadas a través de un aparato de ultrasonido B-mode. La fuerza muscular y la capacidad de trabajo fueron evaluadas en un dinamómetro isocinético. Los grupos fueron comparados a través de ANOVA de un factor y ajuste de Bonferroni. Resultados El grupo ADT demostró menor espesor muscular, pico de torque y capacidad de trabajo que el grupo control (p = 0,021; p = 0,005; p <0,001, respectivamente). El grupo ADT demostró mayor eco intensidad que el grupo control (p = 0,005) y N-ADT (p = 0,046). No se encontraron diferencias entre el grupo N-ADT y el grupo CON, con respecto al espesor muscular, pico de torque, capacidad de trabajo y eco intensidad (p > 0,05). La fatiga general fue mayor tanto en el grupo ADT (p = 0,030) como en el grupo N-ADT (p = 0,047), cuando comparada al grupo CON. La fatiga física fue mayor en el grupo ADT que en el grupo CON (p = 0,006). Conclusión Los pacientes sometidos a la terapia de privación de andrógenos demostraron menores niveles de función muscular y mayores niveles de fatiga percibida que los individuos saludables del grupo control. Parece que la función muscular permanece menor en pacientes sometidos a ADT varios años después del inicio del tratamiento, lo que no ocurre con los pacientes N-ADT. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios de diagnóstico - Investigación de un examen de diagnóstico.

Analysis of compliance to antiretroviral treatment among patients with HIV/AIDS / Análisis de la adhesión al tratamiento con antirretrovirales en pacientes con VIH/SIDA / Análise da adesão ao tratamento com antirretrovirais em pacientes com HIV/AIDS

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the compliance to antiretroviral therapy among HIV/AIDS patients. Method: 99 HIV-positive volunteers undergoing treatment responded to a semi-structured sociodemographic interview and to a questionnaire that assessed compliance to antiretroviral treatment. Results: In the sample analyzed, 52.5% of the volunteers presented good/adequate treatment compliance, while 33.3% presented low/insufficient compliance. There was no significant difference between men and women in the questionnaire score, nor between groups with different levels of education. Conclusion: The main items of the questionnaire that contributed to good/adequate compliance were: positive impact of treatment on health and quality of life, few side effects after initiation of therapy, and positive self-evaluation of participants regarding their compliance to antiretroviral therapy. The main barriers detected for compliance to antiretroviral therapy were the lack of knowledge about current medications and the lack of information on antiretroviral therapy drugs.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la adhesión de pacientes con VIH/SIDA a la terapia antirretroviral. Método: 99 voluntarios portadores del virus VIH en tratamiento se sometieron a entrevista social y demográfica semiestructurada y al cuestionario de evaluación de la adhesión al tratamiento antirretroviral. Resultados: en la muestra analizada, el 52,5% de los voluntarios presentaba buena/adecuada adhesión al tratamiento, mientras que el 33,3%, baja/insuficiente. No había diferencia significativa entre hombres y mujeres en la puntuación del cuestionario, ni entre los diferentes grados de instrucción. Conclusión: Los puntos principales del cuestionario que contribuyeron a la adherencia buena/adecuada fueron: impacto positivo del tratamiento de la salud y la calidad de vida, pocos efectos colaterales al principio de la terapia y una autoevaluación positiva de los participantes relativa a la propia adhesión a la terapia antirretroviral. Las principales barreras detectadas para la baja/insuficiente adhesión a la terapia antirretroviral fueron el desconocimiento sobre los remedios en uso y la escasez de información sobre los medicamentos de la terapia antirretroviral.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a adesão de pacientes com HIV/AIDS à terapia antirretroviral. Método: 99 voluntários portadores do vírus HIV sob tratamento foram submetidos à entrevista social e demográfica semiestruturada e ao questionário para avaliação da adesão ao tratamento antirretroviral. Resultados: Na amostra analisada, 52,5% dos voluntários apresentaram boa/adequada adesão ao tratamento, enquanto 33,3% apresentaram baixa/insuficiente. Não houve diferença significativa entre homens e mulheres na pontuação do questionário, nem entre os diferentes graus de instrução. Conclusão: Os principais itens do questionário que contribuíram para aderência boa/adequada foram o impacto positivo do tratamento na saúde e na qualidade de vida, os poucos efeitos colaterais com o início da terapia e a autoavaliação positiva dos participantes quanto à própria adesão à terapia antirretroviral. As principais barreiras detectadas para a baixa/insuficiente adesão à terapia antirretroviral foram o desconhecimento sobre as medicações em uso e o relato de escassez de informação sobre os medicamentos da terapia antirretroviral.

Analysis of compliance to antiretroviral treatment among patients with HIV/AIDS.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the compliance to antiretroviral therapy among HIV/AIDS patients. METHOD: 99 HIV-positive volunteers undergoing treatment responded to a semi-structured sociodemographic interview and to a questionnaire that assessed compliance to antiretroviral treatment. RESULTS: In the sample analyzed, 52.5% of the volunteers presented good/adequate treatment compliance, while 33.3% presented low/insufficient compliance. There was no significant difference between men and women in the questionnaire score, nor between groups with different levels of education. CONCLUSION: The main items of the questionnaire that contributed to good/adequate compliance were: positive impact of treatment on health and quality of life, few side effects after initiation of therapy, and positive self-evaluation of participants regarding their compliance to antiretroviral therapy. The main barriers detected for compliance to antiretroviral therapy were the lack of knowledge about current medications and the lack of information on antiretroviral therapy drugs.

Association Between Adiposity Indices and Blood Pressure is Stronger in Sarcopenic Obese Women.

BACKGROUND: Anthropometric indices are useful to identify excess weight and poor health outcomes. Previous research showed that some indices are correlated to blood pressure (BP) among adults. Yet, these associations are poorly characterized in women with sarcopenic obesity (SO). SO is characterized as the combination of sarcopenia and obesity and has been examined as an emerging cause of disorders and frailty. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to examine the association between anthropometric indices and BP in community-dwelling women with and without SO. METHOD: 118 women (46.3 ± 15.6 years; 1.56 ± .07m; 66.9 ± 12.5kg) underwent BP and anthropometric assessments. Body weight, height, as well as waist (WC) and hip circumference were measured. Body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), waist-to-hip (WHR) and waist-toheight (WHtR) ratio were calculated. SO was identified based on median values of percent body fat and muscle mass. Partial correlation was used to assess the association between adiposity indices and BP adopting age, presence of hypertension and use of antihypertensive medication as controlling variables. The significance level was set at P ≤ .05. RESULTS: systolic BP was significantly higher in subjects with SO (126.4 ± 14.1 vs 121.0 ± 11.6mmHg, P = .01). Correlations between anthropometric indices and systolic BP were generally higher in women with SO, reaching statistical significance for WC (r = .39, P < .05) and WHtR (r = .30, P < .05) when age was the controlling variable. CONCLUSION: The association of adiposity indices and BP is stronger in subjects with SO when compared to those without SO.

Anthropometric profile of sedentary women with and without hypothyroidism / Perfil antropométrico de mujeres sedentarias con y sin hipotiroidismo / Perfil antropométrico de mulheres sedentárias com e sem hipotireoidismo

Objective: To compare the anthropometric characteristics of sedentary women beginners in a physical exercise program in the gym, which had clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism, with women who did not have hypothyroidism. Methods: The sample consisted of eighty women aged between 23 and 45 years who started in a gym at an interval of two years and who had hypothyroidism and the control group, without this pathology, selected in a simple random way. Anthropometric measurements, such as body mass, height, body mass index, abdominal circumference and waist, and body fat percentage were performed. Student's t-test was applied for independent samples between groups and Pearson correlation within groups. The statistical significance adopted was p < 0.05. Results: The group with hypothyroidism showed significant difference (p = 0.05) compared to control group for the body fat percentage just for women above 35 years, just like women with hypothyroidism above 35 years showed strong association of anthropometric variables with waist hip ratio (r ≥ 0.70). Conclusion: Sedentary women, above 35 years and affected by hypothyroidism, showed greater association of anthropometric variables with the predisposition to the risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared to their peers without the condition, and below this age range

Objetivo: Comparar las características antropométricas de mujeres sedentarias principiantes en un programa de ejercicio físico en un gimnasio, que presentaban un cuadro clínico diagnosticado de hipotiroidismo, con mujeres que no tenían dicha afección. Métodos: La muestra fue constituida por 80 mujeres con edades entre los 23 y los 45 años que empezaron en un gimnasio en un intervalo de dos años y que presentaban hipotiroidismo, y el grupo control, sin esta dolencia, seleccionadas de manera aleatoria simple. Se tomaron medidas antropométricas, tales como la masa corporal, la estatura, el índice de masa corporal, la circunferencia de abdomen y de cintura y el porcentaje de grasa corporal. Se aplicó el test t de Student para muestras independientes entre los grupos, así como la correlación de Pearson dentro de los grupos. Se adoptó una significación de p < 0.05. Resultados: El grupo con hipotiroidismo presentó una diferencia significativa (p ≤ 0.05) en relación con el grupo control para la variable de porcentaje de grasa corporal en mujeres mayores de 35 años, y las mujeres con hipotiroidismo mayores de 35 años mostraron una fuerte asociación de las variables antropométricas con el índice cintura/cadera (r ≥ 0.70). Conclusión: Las mujeres sedentarias mayores de 35 años y afectadas por hipotiroidismo mostraban mayor asociación de las variables antropométricas, con predisposición a mayor riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades cardiovasculares, en relación con sus compañeras sin dicha dolencia, y por debajo de este rango de edad

Objetivo: Comparar as características antropométricas de mulheres sedentárias iniciantes em um programa de exercício físico em academia, que apresentavam quadro clínico diagnosticado de hipotireoidismo, com mulheres que não apresentavam hipotireoidismo. Metodologia: A amostra foi constituída por oitenta mulheres com idade entre 23 e 45 anos que ingressaram em academia de ginástica em um intervalo de dois anos e que apresentavam hipotireoidismo e o grupo controle, sem a patologia, selecionada de maneira aleatória simples. Foram realizadas medidas antropométricas, tais com massa corporal, estatura, índice de massa corpórea, circunferência de abdômen e de cintura, e percentual de gordura corporal. Aplicou-se teste t de Student para amostras independentes entre os grupos, bem como correlação de Pearson intragrupo, adotando-se uma significância de p < 0.05. Resultados: O grupo com hipotireodismo apresentou diferença significativa (p≤0.05) em relação ao grupo controle para a variável do percentual de gordura corporal apenas para as mulheres maiores que 35 anos, bem como as mulheres com hipotireoidismo acima de 35 anos apresentaram forte associação das variáveis antropométricas com o índice de cintura e quadris (r≥0.70). Conclusão: Mulheres sedentárias, acima dos 35 anos e acometidas por hipotireoidismo, apresentam maior associação das variáveis antropométricas com a predisposição ao risco de desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares em relação aos seus pares sem a patologia, e abaixo desta faixa estaria

Effect of strength training combined with antioxidant supplementation on muscular performance.

This was a placebo-controlled randomized study that aimed to investigate the effects of strength training (ST) combined with antioxidant supplementation on muscle performance and thickness. Forty-two women (age, 23.8 ± 2.7 years; body mass, 58.7 ± 11.0 kg; height, 1.63 ± 0.1 m) were allocated into 3 groups: vitamins (n = 15), placebo (n = 12), or control (n = 15). The vitamins and placebo groups underwent an ST program, twice a week, for 10 weeks. The vitamins group was supplemented with vitamins C (1 g/day) and E (400 IU/day) during the ST period. Before and after training, peak torque (PT) and total work (TW) were measured on an isokinetic dynamometer, and quadriceps muscle thickness (MT) was assessed by ultrasound. Mixed-factor ANOVA was used to analyze data and showed a significant group × time interaction for PT and TW. Both the vitamins (37.2 ± 5.4 to 40.3 ± 5.6 mm) and placebo (39.7 ± 5.2 to 42.5 ± 5.6 mm) groups increased MT after the intervention (P < 0.05) with no difference between them. The vitamins (146.0 ± 29.1 to 170.1 ± 30.3 N·m) and placebo (158.9 ± 22.4 to 182.7 ± 23.2 N·m) groups increased PT after training (P < 0.05) and PT was higher in the placebo compared with the control group (P = 0.01). The vitamins (2068.3 ± 401.2 to 2295.5 ± 426.8 J) and placebo (2165.1 ± 369.5 to 2480.8 ± 241.3 J) groups increased TW after training (P < 0.05) and TW was higher in the placebo compared with the control group (P = 0.01). Thus, chronic antioxidant supplementation may attenuate peak torque and total work improvement in young women after 10 weeks of ST.

Acute cardiovascular response to pre-prandial and postprandial exercise in active men / Resposta cardiovascular aguda ao exercício pré e pós-prandial em homens ativos / Respuesta cardiovascular aguda al ejercicio preprandial y postprandial en hombres activos

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pre-prandial exercise promotes greater mobilization of fat metabolism due to the increased release of catecholamines, cortisol, and glucagon. However, this response affects how the cardiovascular system responds to exercise. Objective: To evaluate the response of systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure, heart rate (HR) and rate-pressure product (RPP) to pre- and postprandial exercise. Methods: Ten physically active male subjects (25.50 ± 2.22 years) underwent two treadmill protocols (pre- and postprandial) performed for 36 minutes at 65% of VO2max on different days. On both days, subjects attended the laboratory on a 10-hour fasting state. For the postprandial session, volunteers ingested a pre-exercise meal of 349.17 kcal containing 59.3 g of carbohydrates (76.73%), 9.97 g of protein (12.90%), and 8.01 g of lipids (10.37%). Blood pressure, HR and RPP were measured before and after exercise. The 2x2 factorial Anova with the multiple comparisons test of Bonferroni was applied to analyze cardiovascular variables in both moments (pre- vs. postprandial). The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: Systolic (121.70 ± 7.80 vs. 139.78 ± 12.91 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (66.40 ± 9.81 vs. 80.22 ± 8.68 mmHg) increased significantly after exercise only in the postprandial session (p<0.05). HR increased significantly (p<0.05) after both protocols (64.20 ± 15.87 vs. 141.20 ± 10.33 bpm pre-prandial and 63.60 ± 8.82 vs. 139.20 ± 10.82 bpm postprandial). RPP had a similar result (8052.10 ± 1790.68 vs. 18382.60 ± 2341.66 mmHg.bpm in the pre-prandial session and 7772.60 ± 1413.76 vs. 19564.60 ± 3128.99 mmHg.bpm in the postprandial session). Conclusion: These data suggest that fasted exercise does not significantly alter the blood pressure. Furthermore, the meal provided before the postprandial exercise may promote a greater blood pressure responsiveness during exercise.

RESUMO Introdução: O exercício pré-prandial promove maior mobilização do metabolismo de gordura devido ao aumento da liberação de catecolaminas, cortisol e glucagon. Contudo, tal resposta afeta a forma como o sistema cardiovascular responde ao exercício. Objetivo: Avaliar a resposta da pressão sistólica, diastólica e média, a frequência cardíaca (FC) e o duplo produto (DP) ao exercício pré e pós-prandial. Métodos: Dez indivíduos ativos (25,50 ± 2,22 anos) foram submetidos a dois protocolos de exercício em esteira (pré e pós-prandial) realizados durante 36 minutos a 65% do VO2máx em dias diferentes. Em ambos os dias, os indivíduos compareceram ao laboratório em jejum de 10 horas. Para a sessão pós-prandial, os voluntários ingeriram uma refeição pré-exercício de 349,17 kcal, contendo 59,3 g de carboidratos (76,73%), 9,97 g de proteína (12,90%) e 8,01 g de lipídeos (10,37%). A pressão sanguínea, a FC e o DP foram medidos antes e depois do exercício. A Anova fatorial (2 X 2) com as comparações múltiplas de Bonferroni foi aplicada para análise das variáveis nos dois momentos (pré e pós-prandial). O nível de significância foi fixado em p < 0,05. Resultados: A pressão sanguínea sistólica (121,70 ± 7,80 vs. 139,78 ± 12,91 mmHg) e a diastólica (66,40 ± 9,81 vs. 80,22 ± 8,68 mmHg) aumentaram significantemente após o exercício somente na sessão pós-prandial (p < 0,05). A FC aumentou significantemente (p < 0,05) após ambos os protocolos (64,20 ± 15,87 vs. 141,20 ± 10,33 bpm pré-prandial e 63,60 ± 8,82 vs. 139,20 ± 10,82 bpm pós-prandial). O DP teve resultado semelhante (8.052,10 ± 1.790,68 vs. 18.382,60 ± 2.341,66 mmHg.bpm na sessão pré-prandial e 7.772,60 ± 1.413,76 vs. 19.564,60 ± 3.128,99 mmHg.bpm na sessão pós-prandial). Conclusão: Esses dados sugerem que o exercício em jejum não altera significantemente a pressão sanguínea. Além disso, a refeição fornecida antes do exercício pós-prandial pode promover maior responsividade da pressão sanguínea durante o exercício.

RESUMEN Introducción: El ejercicio preprandial promueve una mayor movilización de metabolismo de la grasa debido al aumento de la liberación de catecolaminas, cortisol y glucagón. Sin embargo, tal respuesta afecta la forma en que el sistema cardiovascular responde al ejercicio. Objetivo: Evaluar la respuesta de la presión sistólica, diastólica y media, la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) y el doble-producto (DP) al ejercicio pre y postprandial. Métodos: Diez hombres activos (25,50 ± 2,22 años), fueron sometidos a dos protocolos de ejercicio en cinta rodante (pre y postprandial) realizados durante 36 minutos a 65% del VO2máx en días diferentes. En ambos días, los individuos asistieron al laboratorio después de un ayuno de 10 horas. Para la sesión postprandial, los voluntarios ingirieron una comida pre-ejercicio de 349,17 kcal, que contenía 59,3 g de hidratos de carbono (76,73%), 9,97 g de proteínas (12,90%) y 8,01 g de lípidos (10,37%). La presión sanguínea, la FC y el DP se midieron antes y después del ejercicio. Se aplicó el ANOVA factorial (2 x 2) con las comparaciones múltiples de Bonferroni para analizar las variables en los dos momentos (pre y postprandial). El nivel de significación se ha fijado en p < 0,05. Resultados: La presión sanguínea sistólica (121,70 ± 7,80 vs. 139,78 ± 12,91 mmHg) y la diastólica (66,40 ± 9,81 vs. 80,22 ± 8,68 mmHg) aumentaron significativamente después del ejercicio sólo en la sesión postprandial (p < 0,05). La FC aumentó significativamente (p < 0,05) después de ambos protocolos (64,20 ± 15,87 vs. 141,20 ± 10,33 lpm preprandial y 63,60 ± 8,82 vs. 139,20 ± 10,82 lpm postprandial). El DP tuvo un resultado similar (8.052,10 ± 1.790,68 vs. 18.382,60 ± 2.341,66 mmHg.lpm preprandial y 7.772,60 ± 1.413,76 vs. 19.564,60 ± 3.128.99 mmHg.lpm postprandial). Conclusión: Estos datos sugieren que el ejercicio en ayunas no altera significativamente la presión sanguínea. Además, la comida suministrada antes del ejercicio postprandial puede promover una mayor capacidad de respuesta de la presión sanguínea durante el ejercicio.

Effect of self-paced active recovery and passive recovery on blood lactate removal following a 200 m freestyle swimming trial.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of self-paced active recovery (AR) and passive recovery (PR) on blood lactate removal following a 200 m freestyle swimming trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fourteen young swimmers (with a training frequency of 6-8 sessions per week) performed two maximal 200 m freestyle trials followed by 15 minutes of different recovery methods, on separate days. Recovery was performed with 15 minutes of passive rest or 5 minutes of passive rest and 10 minutes of self-paced AR. Performance variables (trial velocity and time), recovery variables (distance covered and AR velocity), and physiological variables (blood lactate production, blood lactate removal, and removal velocity) were assessed and compared. RESULTS: There was no difference between trial times in both conditions (PR: 125.86±7.92 s; AR: 125.71±8.21 s; p=0.752). AR velocity was 69.10±3.02% of 200 m freestyle trial velocity in AR. Blood lactate production was not different between conditions (PR: 8.82±2.47 mmol L-1; AR: 7.85±2.05 mmol L-1; p=0.069). However, blood lactate removal was higher in AR (PR: 1.76±1.70 mmol L-1; AR: 4.30±1.74 mmol L-1; p<0.001). The velocity of blood lactate removal was significantly higher in AR (PR: 0.18±0.17 mmol L-1 min-1; AR: 0.43±0.17 mmol L-1 min-1; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Self-paced AR shows a higher velocity of blood lactate removal than PR. These data suggest that athletes may be able to choose the best recovery intensity themselves.

Effects of short-term plyometric training on physical fitness parameters in female futsal athletes.

[Purpose] To verify the effects of short-term plyometric training (PM) on body composition, flexibility and muscle power output in female Futsal athletes. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty female Futsal athletes (19.5 ± 1.29 years) equally and randomly divided into control and experimental groups were submitted to a sit-and-reach flexibility test, body composition measures and horizontal jump, at baseline and one day after the final training session. Both groups retained their training routines while only the experimental group participated in an additional 25 minutes of PM 2 times a week over 4 weeks. [Results] The experimental group showed higher values of flexibility and muscle power and lower body fat after the intervention in comparison to the baseline and control group. In addition, the effect size within-group after intervention indicated a moderate, large and very large effect for body fat, flexibility and muscle power, respectively. [Conclusion] These results show that plyometric training may be effective in reducing body fat and increasing flexibility and muscle power in female Futsal athletes. Thus, it may suggest that PM can be applied in the field of preventive physical therapy.

Psychological profiles of gender and personality traces of Brazilian professional athletes of futsal, and their influence on physiological parameters.

The present study aimed to identify the psychological profiles of professional futsal players in terms of the gender schema and to evaluate the physiological parameters (speed, acceleration, strength, and power) and fatigue index of these athletes according to their gender profiles and relative to their positions on the court. The Masculine Inventory of the Self-concept Gender Schemas was used to classify the sample into typological groups, and the Running Anaerobic Sprint Test was used to measure the physiological parameters (speed, acceleration, strength, and power) and the fatigue index. The study sample was composed of 64 male professional futsal players who competed in the National Indoor Soccer league in 2013; the subjects had an average weight of 76.00±6.7 kg. Among the athletes studied, 23 (35.9%) were classified as heteroschematic female, 22 (34.4%) as heteroschematic male, and 19 (29.7%) as isoschematic. Regarding their positions on the court, eleven were goalkeepers (17.2%), 13 (20.3%) were defenders, 28 (43.8%) were midfielders, and 12 (18.8%) were attackers. The players had similar weights even when belonging to different typological groups and having different positions in the court. However, it is worth noting that male heteroschematic players had a greater mean weight (77.11±5.93 kg) and that the goalkeeper was, on average, the heaviest player (79.36±8.14 kg). The results of the physiological parameter analysis relative to typological group showed that, on average, high-level soccer players presented similar performance profiles in different rounds, as statistically significant differences were not found in any of the studied physiological variables (weight, distance, speed, acceleration, strength, power, and fatigue index). Although the results of this research did not reveal statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of the assessed variables, we observed that some results related to personality traits associated with both the male and female components could help to clarify and establish relationships with some strategic aspects inherent to futsal.

Aptidão física de idosas no treinamento de força em academia, em praças e institucionalizadas / Fitness for elderly in strength training academy, in squares and institutionalized

O envelhecimento é um processo fisiológico, que atinge todos os indivíduos e expressa o declínio de determinadas capacidades ao logo do tempo. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a aptidão física de mulheres idosas praticantes de treinamento de força em academias, praticantes de exercícios físicos em praças institucionalizadas e sedentárias. Participaram do presente estudo 122 mulheres idosas (68 ± 6,3 anos). As participantes foram classificadas de acordo com a atividade que praticavam. Todas foram submetidas aos testes desenvolvidos pela American Aliance For Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) de capacidade aeróbia (CA), agilidade e equilíbrio dinâmico (AGIL), resistência e força (RESIFOR), sentar e alcançar para flexibilidade (FLEX) e força de preensão manual (FPM). Os testes RESIFOR, CA e AGIL apresentaram diferença significativa somente de G3, comparado a G1 e G2. Enquanto que para FLEX, G1 apresentou melhores níveis significativos de Flexibilidade comparados a G2 e G3. E a FPM também foi significativamente maior para G1, comparados a G2 e G3. As mulheres idosas praticantes de treinamento de força em academia demonstraram ter melhor aptidão física do que mulheres idosas praticantes de exercícios em praças institucionalizadas e mulheres idosas sedentárias residentes em asilos.(AU)

Aging is a physiological process that affects all individuals and expresses the decline of certain capabilities to the right time. The aim of this study was to compare the physical fitness of elderly women who practice strength training in gyms, physical exercise practitioners in squares institutionalized and sedentary. The study included 122 older women (68 ± 6.3 years). Participants were classified according to the activity practiced. All were subjected to the tests developed by the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education , Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) aerobic capacity (AC), agility and dynamic balance (AGIL), endurance and strength (RESIFOR) , sit and reach for flexibility (FLEX) and handgrip strength (FPM). Tests RESIFOR, CA and AGIL significant difference only G3 compared to G1 and G2. While for FLEX, best G1 significant levels of flexibility compared to G2 and G3. And the FPM was also significantly higher in G1 compared to G2 and G3. Older women practicing strength training in the gym have demonstrated better physical fitness than elderly women exercisers in squares institutionalized and sedentary elderly women living in nursing homes.(AU)

Acute metabolic response to fasted and postprandial exercise.

The aim of this study was to analyze the acute metabolic response to exercise in fasting and postprandial. For this, ten individuals were submitted to an incremental treadmill test, with an initial speed of 5 and 1 km/h increments every minute, with no inclination, and a body composition assessment. After this 1st day, all volunteers were submitted to two experimental procedures (fasting and postprandial), with an aerobic exercise performed for 36 minutes at 65% of maximal oxygen consumption. At postprandial procedure, all subjects ingested a breakfast containing 59.3 g of carbohydrate (76.73%), 9.97 g of protein (12.90%), 8.01 g of lipids (10.37%), with a total energy intake of 349.17 kcal. An analysis of plasma concentration of triglycerides, lactate, and glucose was performed in two stages: before and after exercise. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify the normality of the data. For analysis of glucose concentration, plasma lactate, and triglycerides, we used a repeated measures analysis of variance factorial 2×2, with Bonferroni multiple comparison test. The significance level of P<0.05 was adopted. The results indicated a maintenance level of glucose at fasting and a decrease in glucose concentration at postprandial exercise. Both conditions increase plasma lactate. Triglycerides also increased in the two experimental conditions; however, after exercise fasting, the increase was significantly higher than in the postprandial exercise. These data suggest that both exercises could increase plasma lactate and triglycerides. However, exercise performed in fasting condition decreases glucose concentration and increases triglycerides, even more than postprandial exercise.

Post-exercise hypotension of normotensive young men through track running sessions / Hipotensão pós-exercício de homens jovens e normotensos em sessões de corrida em pista / Hipotensión post-ejercicio de hombres en sesiones de carrera en pista jóvenes y normotensos

INTRODUCTION: After a single session of physical exercise the blood pressure is reduced (post-exercise hypotension, PHE) and it has been considered as a non-pharmacological mechanism to control the blood pressure. When the exercise is performed since youth it can prevent or avoid hypertension. However, it is important to consider studies with clear practical applications to optimize its reproducibility on a daily basis. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the PEH of normotensive and physically active young men after two track running sessions (maximum and submaximal). METHODS: Participated in this study 62 physically active young men (23.3 ± 4.2 years old; 75.5 ± 9.8 kg; 177.7 ± 5.5 cm; 12.0 ± 4.6% body fatF; 52.4 ± 4.0 mL.kg-1.min-1oxygen uptake), which performed a maximum laboratory exercise test for determination of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max - aerobic power) and subsequently three randomly running sessions (maximum - T1600; submaximal - T20; control - CON), with 48h interval between themselves. Blood pressure (BP) was measured each 15min during a 60 min period after sessions. RESULTS: Both the maximum and the submaximal exercise lead to PEH. The post-exercise values of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure differed from resting value in session T20 (p<0.05). The same pattern occurred after T1600 (p<0.05), evidenced from 30th minute post-exercise. The CON did not result in PEH. The magnitude of decay for the mean BP at the 45th after maximum exercise was higher than the other sessions (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We concluded that both maximum and submaximal exercises, performed on a track running condition, caused PEH in young normotensive and physically active men. .

INTRODUÇÃO: Após uma única sessão de exercício físico a pressão arterial é reduzida (hipotensão pós-exercício, HPE) e esta redução é considerada como um mecanismo não farmacológico para controlar a pressão arterial. Quando realizado desde a juventude, a atividade física pode prevenir ou evitar o surgimento da hipertensão arterial. Contudo, é importante considerar a realização de estudos com aplicações práticas claras para que seja otimizada a sua reprodutibilidade durante o dia-a-dia. OBJETIVO: Analisar a HPE em indivíduos jovens, normotensos e fisicamente ativos após duas sessões de corrida em pista (máxima e submáxima). MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 62 homens fisicamente ativos (23,3 ± 4,2 anos; 75,5 ± 9,8 kg; 177,7 ± 5,5 cm; 12,0 ± 4,6% de gordura corporal; 52,4 ± 4,0 mL.kg-1.min-1 consumo de oxigênio), os quais foram submetidos a um teste de exercício laboratorial para determinação do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max - potência aeróbica) e subsequentemente três sessões aleatórias de corrida (máxima - T1600; submáxima - T20; controle - CON), com 48h de intervalo entre elas. A pressão arterial foi aferida a cada 15 min durante um período de 60 min após as sessões. RESULTADOS: Ambos os exercícios (máximo e submáximo) proporcionaram HPE. Os valores pós-exercício da pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica diferiram dos valores de repouso na sessão T20 (p<0,05). O mesmo padrão ocorreu após o T1600 (p<0,05), evidenciado no 30.º minuto pós-exercício. A sessão CON não resultou em HEP. A magnitude do decaimento para a pressão arterial média no 45.º minuto após o exercício máximo foi maior que nas demais sessões (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Concluímos que ambas as sessões de corrida em pista, máxima e submáxima, proporcionaram HPE em homens normotensos e fisicamente ativos. .

INTRODUCCIÓN: Después de una única sesión de ejercicio físico la presión arterial es reducida (HPE) y esta reducción es considerada como un mecanismo no farmacológico para controlar la presión arterial y, cuando realizado desde la juventud, puede prevenir o evitar la aparición de la hipertensión arterial. Sin embargo, es importante considerar la realización de estudios con aplicaciones prácticas claras para optimizar su reproducibilidad durante el día a día. OBJETIVO: Analizar la HPE en individuos jóvenes, normotensos y físicamente activos después de dos sesiones de carrera en pista (máxima y submáxima). MÉTODOS: Participaron en este estudio 62 hombres físicamente activos (23,3±4,2 años, 75,5±9,8 kg, 177,7±5,5 cm, 12,0±4,6% de grasa corporal, 52,4±4,0mL.kg-1.min-1), los que fueron sometidos a un test de ejercicios de laboratorio para determinación del control máximo de oxígeno. (VO2max - potencia aeróbica) y subsiguientemente tres sesiones randomizadas de HPE (máxima - T1600; submáxima - T20; control - CON), con 48 horas de intervalo entre ellas. La presión arterial fue medida a cada 15 minutos durante un período de 60 minutos después de las sesiones. RESULTADOS: Ambos ejercicios (máximo e submáximo) proporcionaron HPE. Los valores post-ejercicio de la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica difirieron de los valores de reposo en la sesión T20 (p<0,05). El mismo patrón ocurrió después del T1600 (p<0,05), evidenciado en el 30º minuto posterior al ejercicio. La sesión CON no resultó en HEP. La magnitud de decaimiento para la presión arterial promedio en el 45º minuto posterior al ejercicio máximo fue mayor que en las demás sesiones (p<0,05). CONCLUSIÓN: Concluimos que ambas sesiones de carrera en pista, máxima y submáxima, proporcionaron HPE en hombres normotensos y físicamente activos. .

Efeito da acupuntura na dor lombar: revisão de literatura / Effect of acupuncture in low back pain: Literature review

A lombalgia é o acometimento mais frequente da coluna vertebral, sendo uma das principais queixas e uma das causas mais comuns de incapacidade e morbidade. Diversos tipos de tratamento são usados no combate à dor lombar, porém, muitos pacientes não apresentam resultados com a medicina convencional. Entre os tratamentos não convencionais, a acupuntura é uma das principais alternativas para o alívio e cura dessa patologia. Com isso, o objetivo do trabalho é analisar a eficácia da acupuntura no tratamento da lombalgia, comparando-a com outros tratamentos. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica com 21 estudos, randomizados, revisões de literatura e meta-análises, publicados entre os anos de 1999 e 2011, com o tema deste estudo. A acupuntura foi eficaz no tratamento da lombalgia crônica e seus resultados foram superiores aos de outros tratamentos. Sugerimos que mais estudos sejam feitos para a comprovação dos efeitos da acupuntura na lombalgia aguda.(AU)

Low back pain is the most frequent involvement of the spine, with a major complaint and one of the most common causes of disability and morbidity. Several types of treatment are used to combat back pain, but many patients do not present results with conventional medicine. Among the non-conventional treatments, acupuncture is one of the main alternatives for the relief and cure of this disease. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of low back pain, comparing it with other treatments. To do so, was performed a literature review of 21 studies, randomized, literature reviews and metanalysis published between the years 1999 and 2011, with the theme of this study. Acupuncture was effective in treating chronic low back pain and its results were superior to other treatments. We suggest that further studies should be done to prove the effects of acupuncture on acute low back pain.(AU)

Prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovascular em crianças de Brasília / Prevalence of cadiovascular risk factores in children of Brasília / Prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en niños de Brasilia

Objetivo: verificar a prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovascular em crianças. Métodos: duzentas e doze crianças de escola pública e privada foram submetidas à avaliação do índice de massa corporal (IMC), pressão arterial (PA), nível de atividade física (NAF) e consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max). Resultados: não foram evidenciadas diferenças significativas nas variáveis quando comparadas entre quartis separados pelo NAF. Contudo, quando comparadas entre escola pública e particular, crianças da escola privada apresentaram maiores valores de IMC e PA, menor VO2max, bem como apresentaram maior prevalência de excesso de peso e PA elevada. Conclusão: crianças da escola privada apresentam maior prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovascular quando comparado as da rede pública .

The article aims to verify the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in children. Two hundred and twelve children in public and private schools were underwent assessment of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), physical activity level (PAL) and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max). No significant differences were observed between the variables compared between quartiles separated by PAL. However, when compared between public and private school, private school children had higher BMI and BP, lower VO2max as well as had higher prevalence of overweight and high BP. Private school children have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors compared to the public .

El artículo pretende verificar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en losniños. Doscientos doce niños en escuelas públicas y privadas les realizaron una evaluaci-ón del índice de masa corporal (IMC), presión arterial (PA), el nivel de actividad física(NAF) y el consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2máx). No hubieran diferencias significativasentre las variables de comparación entre los cuartiles separadas por la NAF. Sin embargo,cuando se compara entre la escuela pública y privada, los niños de las escuelas privadastienen mayor índice de masa corporal y presión sanguínea, bajo el VO2máx, y tienenuna mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso y presión arterial alta. Los niños de las escuelasprivadas tienen una mayor prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular encomparación con las escuelas públicas .